Anna Freud, Founder of Child Psychoanalysis

Anna Freud, Founder of Child Psychoanalysis Anna Freud was the little girl of Sigmund Freud. While her dad was a mammoth in the field of brain research, Anna Freud was a cultivated clinician in her own right. She was the author of kid analysis and broadened and further refined her father’s thoughts regarding safeguard instruments. Quick Facts: Anna Freud Known For: Founding youngster analysis and work on ego’s safeguard mechanismsBorn: December 3, 1895 in Vienna, AustriaDied: October 9, 1982 in London, EnglandParents: Sigmund Freud and Martha BernaysKey Accomplishments: Chairman of the Vienna Psycho-Analytic Society (1925-1928); Honorary President of the International Psychoanalytical Association (1973-1982); Founder of the Hampstead Child Therapy Course and Clinic (1952, presently known as the Anna Freud National Center for Children and Families) Early Life Anna Freud was conceived in 1895 in Vienna, Austria. She was the most youthful of six kids destined to Sigmund Freud and his significant other, Martha Bernays. She didn't have a decent connection with her mom and was far off from her five kin, particularly her sister Sophie, who she felt was an opponent for her father’s consideration. In any case, she was near her dad. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/l6oc2HPaLzxBpKcEvaJbRdoJVqI=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/sigmund-freud-eating with-family-640455985-0eb6290587504b6c9afab7894e6fd641.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/dpB4xtsv4L2WAxg3NgFty9Z9W4o=/1234x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/sigmund-freud-eating with-family-640455985-0eb6290587504b6c9afab7894e6fd641.jpg 1234w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/hYSJ59mGC0MDDNZ-2KZElQMKHgw=/2168x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/sigmund-freud-feasting with-family-640455985-0eb6290587504b6c9afab7894e6fd641.jpg 2168w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/dH-u00_6skv-oECS_7wS5hFd4n0=/4036x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/sigmund-freud-eating with-family-640455985-0eb6290587504b6c9afab7894e6fd641.jpg 4036w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/jZlpf6x-HCrr5xeb1e1qaw0ItJc=/4036x2995/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/sigmund-freud-eating with-family-640455985-0eb6290587504b6c9afab7894e6fd641.jpg src=//:0 alt=Sigmund Freud Dining with Family class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-6 information following container=true /> Sigmund Freud, fourth from left, sits at an exquisite eating table with the remainder of his family, including his little girl Anna, far right. Corbis/VCG by means of Getty Images/Getty Images Anna Freud moved on from Cottage Lyceum in 1912. While she didn’t go on to advanced education, she guaranteed that she took in additional at home from her dad and his partners than she could possibly do at school. Furthermore, obviously, Anna Freud had unrivaled access to data on therapy, which would in the end empower her to turn into a significant voice in the field. Profession In 1917, Anna Freud accepting an occupation as an elementary teacher. She likewise began to experience analysis with her dad a training that would be viewed as strange today however was increasingly regular at that point. In 1923, Anna Freud began her own psychoanalytic work on concentrating explicitly on kids. This was additionally the year that her dad was determined to have malignant growth and Anna turned into his overseer. In the blink of an eye a while later, Anna Freud began educating at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Training Institute. At that point in 1927, she turned into the Secretary for the International Psychoanalytic Association, and in 1935, the executive of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Training Institute. The next year she distributed her most popular work, The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense, which developed her father’s thoughts regarding guards and the manners in which the conscience attempts to ensure itself. In 1938, when the Nazi danger turned out to be excessively extraordinary, Anna and Sigmund Freud fled Vienna and settled in London. World War II began there in 1939. Sigmund Freud kicked the bucket half a month later. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Ir1wuDiqBTjJchjicqDtrnAqQFY=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/freud-in-paris-56818109-68f26591acce4d42b4fb3282cf942f06.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/RzMAetfRM1m-vrxgCL89RIa3m-o=/1279x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/freud-in-paris-56818109-68f26591acce4d42b4fb3282cf942f06.jpg 1279w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/fLmjeglA5neMaul2A6fRyc7V5Lc=/2258x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/freud-in-paris-56818109-68f26591acce4d42b4fb3282cf942f06.jpg 2258w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/P7_dTcSfWibq1RDofJp2HXNBlUU=/4217x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/freud-in-paris-56818109-68f26591acce4d42b4fb3282cf942f06.jpg 4217w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/NSuYSpjJPMPL1Cl4kPOhecQuRp4=/4217x3120/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/freud-in-paris-56818109-68f26591acce4d42b4fb3282cf942f06.jpg src=//:0 alt=Freud In Paris class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-16 information following container=true /> Austrian therapist Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939) (second right) shows up in Paris subsequent to leaving Vienna on the way to London, Paris, France, June 1938. He is joined by his little girl Anna (1895 - 1982) (left), spouse of Prince George of Greece, Marie Bonaparte (1882 - 1962) (second left), and her child Prince Peter of Greece (1908 - 1980) (right). Pictorial Parade/Getty Images During her initial a very long time in England, Freud wound up in struggle with Melanie Klein, another psychoanalyst who was likewise figuring methods to use with kids. Freud and Klein varied on key focuses about youngster advancement, which prompted their various ways to deal with investigation. So as to determine the contradiction, they occupied with a progression of â€Å"Controversial Discussions† that finished with the British Psychoanalytical Society framing instructional classes for both perspectives.â In 1941, Anna Freud opened The Hampstead War Nurseries with her companion Dorothy Burlingham. There, they thought about kids who had been isolated from their families because of the war and archived the children’s reactions to the pressure of being isolated from their folks. Subsequent to shutting the nursery toward the finish of the war, Freud established the Hampstead Child Therapy Course and Clinic in 1952. She was its executive until her passing in London in 1982.â Commitments to Psychology Freud was a pioneer of youngster analysis. She grew new methods to support youngsters, as she discovered they required unexpected mental medicines in comparison to adults. She likewise called attention to that the symptom’s showed by kids fluctuated from those showed by grown-ups. She proposed this was an aftereffect of children’s formative stages. What's more, her work on the ego’s barrier instruments is as yet thought to be original. It was a significant commitment to both conscience brain science and juvenile brain research. Freud said constraint, the oblivious concealment of driving forces that could be hazardous on the off chance that they were followed up on, was the guideline resistance instrument. She likewise itemized various other guard instruments, including forswearing, projection, and removal. Key Works Freud, Anna. (1936). The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense.Freud, Anna. (1965). Typicality and Pathology in Childhood: Assessments of Development.Freud, Anna. (1966-1980). The Writing of Anna Freud: 8 Volumes. Sources Cherry, Kendra. â€Å"Anna Freud Biography (1895-1982).† Verywell Mind, 11 November 2018. https://www.verywellmind.com/anna-freud-life story 1895-1982-2795536GoodTherapy. â€Å"Anna Freud (1895-1982).† 14 July 2015. https://www.goodtherapy.org/renowned clinicians/anna-freud.htmlSandler, Anna Marie. Anna Freud. English Psychoanalytical Society, 2015. https://psychoanalysis.org.uk/our-creators and-scholars/anna-freudSmirle, Corinne. Profile of Anna Freud. Psychologys Feminist Voices Multimedia Internet Archive, altered by In A. Rutherford. feministvoices.com/anna-freud/Sigmund Freud Museum. Vita Anna Freud. https://www.freud-museum.at/en/sigmund-and-anna-freud/vita-anna-freud.html Sigmund Freud Museum. Life story Anna Freud. https://www.freud-museum.at/records/inhalte/dokumente/en/anna_freud_biopgraphy_eng_pdf.pdfThe Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. â€Å"Anna Freud: Austrian-British Psychoanalyst.† Encyclopedia Britannica, 29 November 2018. https://www.britan nica.com/life story/Anna-Freud

CISG has too many incosisten provision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CISG has such a large number of incosisten arrangement - Essay Example Joined Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) Susan J. Martin-Davidson, a Professor of Law at Southwestern Law School in Los Angeles, has remarked that the â€Å"place of business isn't characterized in the Convention† which is the chief significant thought in inspecting whether CISG would apply (Martin-Davidson, 2008-2009, 1). It was said that analysts have recommended that the spot of business would allude to â€Å"a changeless and normal spot for the executing of general business† (Honnold, 1989). In any case, Martin-Davidson says that it is as yet hazy if such a term would incorporate â€Å"the area of a wholesaler, or other specialist, who takes an interest in the exchange and execution of the contract† (Martin-Davidson, 2008-2009, 1). Indeed, even the last draft of CISG, the representatives couldn't deliver with respect to the issue if spot of business would apply to â€Å"local operators taking a shot at benefit of remo te principals† (Martin-Davidson, 2008-2009, 1). Martin-Davidson additionally remarks that â€Å"matters identifying with agency† are not tended to by the Convention and doesn't likewise delineate what â€Å"activities of an agent† would be sufficient to set up that â€Å"the specialist's place of business† is that of the head (Martin-Davidson, 2008-2009, 1). ... e nearest relationship to the agreement and its performance† (Martin-Davidson, 2008-2009, 1), which spot is so given under Article 10 of the CISG and which essentially decides the area of gatherings under Article 1 of the CISG (Bailey, 1999, 300). In Micro Data Base Systems, Inc. v. Dharma Systems, 148 F.3d 649, 653 (seventh Cir. 1998), it clarified that â€Å"it isn't certain whether a relationship connected to the arrangement of an agreement is pretty much significant that a relationship connected to its performance.† Such arrangement is considerably progressively complex with the stipulation that trains to have a respect â€Å"to the conditions known to or pondered by the gatherings whenever previously or at the finish of the contract† (CISG Article 10(a)). No recommendation anyway is offered as to sort of situation alluded to in such arrangement (Martin-Davidson, 2008-2009, 1). The offer of products under the CISG is additionally said not to have been characte rized under the Convention (Martin-Davidson, 2008-2009, 1). Despite the fact that there have been â€Å"scholarly commentary† clarifying that â€Å"goods are essentially just moveable, substantial objects,† (Schlechtriem, 2005, 28), there were some detailed choices wherein the court needed to choose the importance of such a term (Landgericht, 2001, 1 and Oberlandesgericht, 1991, 1). This is particularly pertinent to the use of CISG on the â€Å"information put away in and read by computers† which incorporate both the â€Å"information put away on a circle or in a computer† viewed as â€Å"intangible property† and not as merchandise (CISG, Article 2(f)), and the purported â€Å"licensed utilization of information,† which doesn't fulfill â€Å"the dealer's commitment to ‘transfer the property in the goods’† under Article 30 of CISG (Martin-Davidson, 2008-2009). Such concern be that as it may, was

You Dont Have to Write That Novel

You Dont Have to Write That Novel Its November, so that means its NaNoWriMo season. A lot of people are deep into their 50,000-word challenge as youre reading this; some people are on target, some are ahead of their goal, and some are scrambling to make up missed word counts. Almost everyone has drunk their weight in coffee by this point. The idea behind NaNoWriMo is that anybody can write a novel. Its only 1667 words a day for 30 days. Its not a cakewalk but its doable, right? Well. Not necessarily. I tried to do NaNoWriMo a few times. I have to confess something here: I do okay at writing essays, but when it comes to fiction, Im mostly rubbish. Its not that Im not good at story, but I dont have the ability to tell a story with characters. My characters come out flat and paper-thinand before you rush to the comments to tell me to practice more, which is the usual response to this when I tell people, its not a practice thing. Ive done a lot of writing. via GIPHY literally me Its more like being tone-deaf; its something in my brain that doesnt allow me to envision characters or flesh them out. To be honest, for someone who is a reader-for-pleasure, I actually have a hard time seeing characters in fiction Im reading, as well. I can tell you about their personalities for hours, but I couldnt tell you what they look like unless there are pictures. This presents a pretty significant handicap to me when trying to write people who arent real; without that extra dimension, theyre not as real to me. My character block makes writing fiction a chore for me because Im constantly stressing about it. So, I have never completed NaNoWriMo. In fact, I stopped trying a few years ago. Id much rather spend my time doing something creative that doesnt feel like a chore. Maybe you have a similar problem. Maybe you get terrible writers block. Maybe you find plotting impossible or run out of steam before you even hit 10,000 words. For whatever reason, you might be in the same boat as I am: NaNoWriMo is happening and you are not having a good time. You havent ever won NaNo despite your best attempts but you keep plugging away every year before fizzling out early for reasons. Im here to deliver you from NaNoWriMo frustration. You dont have to write that novel. Writing is one of the most romanticized arts, I think, because it really is something that it seems like everyone could do: if you know words and you have a way to record them, you can write. It requires almost no equipment and ideas are seemingly endless; I think a lot of creative people fall into the feeling that they should write a novel because its a mountain that is completely feasible to climb. We feel lazy for not climbing it because so many other people have. If I could just buckle down, we say, I could finish it and Ill feel really accomplished. Writing, though, requires a lot of concentration, creative energy, and time; these are more precious resources than we might imagine, and building them back up from depletion takes awhile. Its more than okay if we decide not to spend that energy on a novel this month, or ever, even if we feel like we should write one. After all, if you dont love it, actual mountain climbing kind of sucks: its cold, its a slog, its dangerous. I wouldnt spend my energy on climbing mountains if I didnt get any emotional satisfaction from it, and I wont climb proverbial mountains if they dont satisfy me, either. via GIPHY If I had to climb an actual mountain with no escalator? pffft So, its okay. You dont have to write that novel, even if you feel like you should. There are other challenges out there that will make you feel like you won the world when you finish; writing a novel just might not be one of them.

Death Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller - 1285 Words

What is the American Dream? How does one define success? Many people hold different views on how to obtain true happiness. One common view is the accomplishment of something yearned. A majority of individuals desire love, compassion, and a family. On the other hand, there are those concerned with self-image, material items, and the fact that money can indeed buy true happiness. In Arthur Miller s play DEATH OF A SALESMAN [published by Ted Buchholz (1993)]--the story of a sixty-three year old man named Willy Loman striving to achieve the American Dream and his family who suffer as a cause--contains many examples of trying to achieve material success. Willy s ultimate dream concerns following in his brother Ben s footsteps and rising to be a successful salesman. Willy Loman wanted success so badly that he lost a realistic sense of himself. He wished the same for his sons, Happy and Biff. Yet his struggle for popularity, authority, and money for success caused his downfall. Unfortunatel y for Willy, most of his dreams were illusions. He was unable to come face to face with this fact. Willy Loman s definition of success warped his view of himself and that of his sons. Willy Loman s definition of success pertained to being popular and holding high authority within the business and corporate world. Often lost within his memories the reader gets a glimpse of Willy s meaning of the American Dream. The audience first witnesses this as he speaks with Biff and Happy aboutShow MoreRelatedDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1387 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican play-write Arthur Miller, is undoubtedly Death of a Salesman. Arthur Miller wrote Death of a Salesman in 1949 at the time when America was evolving into an economic powerhouse. Arthur Miller critiques the system of capitalism and he also tells of the reality of the American Dream. Not only does he do these things, but he brings to light the idea of the dysfunctional family. Death of a Salesman is one of America’s saddest tragedies. In Arthur Miller’s, Death of a Salesman, three major eventsRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller888 Words   |  4 PagesDeath of a Salesman† i s a play written by Arthur Miller in the year 1949. The play revolves around a desperate salesman, Willy Loman. Loman is delusioned and most of the things he does make him to appear as a man who is living in his own world away from other people. He is disturbed by the fact that he cannot let go his former self. His wife Linda is sad and lonely; his youngest son Biff is presented as a swinger/player while his eldest son Happy appears anti-business and confused by the behaviorRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1573 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresents a character with a tragic flaw leading to his downfall. In addition, in traditional tragedy, the main character falls from high authority and often it is predetermined by fate, while the audience experiences catharsis (Bloom 2). Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman is considered to be a tragedy because this literary work has some of the main characteristics of the tragedy genre. In this play, the main character Willy Lom an possesses such traits and behaviors that lead to his downfall, and theRead MoreDeath of Salesman by Arthur Miller972 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play Death of a Salesman by the playwright Arthur Miller, the use of names is significant to the characters themselves. Many playwrights and authors use names in their works to make a connection between the reader and the main idea of their work. Arthur Miller uses names in this play extraordinarily. Not only does Miller use the names to get readers to correlate them with the main idea of the play, but he also uses names to provide some irony to the play. Miller uses the meanings of someRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1628 Words   |  7 PagesArthur Miller wrote the Pulitzer Prize winning play Death of a Salesman in 1949. The play inflated the myth of the American Dream of prosperity and recognition, that hard work and integrity brings, but the play compels the world to see the ugly truth that capitalism and the materia listic world distort honesty and moral ethics. The play is a guide toward contemporary themes foreseen of the twentieth century, which are veiled with greed, power, and betrayal. Miller’s influence with the play spreadRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller949 Words   |  4 PagesDeath of a Salesman can be described as modern tragedy portraying the remaining days in the life of Willy Loman. This story is very complex, not only because of it’s use of past and present, but because of Willy’s lies that have continued to spiral out of control throughout his life. Arthur Miller puts a modern twist on Aristotle’s definition of ancient Greek tragedy when Willy Loman’s life story directly identifies the fatal flaw of the â€Å"American Dream†. Willy Loman’s tragic flaw can be recappedRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller846 Words   |  4 PagesA Dime a Dozen The Death of a Salesman is a tragedy written by playwright Arthur Miller and told in the third person limited view. The play involves four main characters, Biff, Happy, Linda, and Willy Loman, an ordinary family trying to live the American Dream. Throughout the play however, the family begins to show that through their endeavors to live the American Dream, they are only hurting their selves. The play begins by hinting at Willy’s suicidal attempts as the play begins with Linda askingRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller Essay2538 Words   |  11 PagesSurname 1 McCain Student’s Name: Instructor’s Name: Course: Date: Death of a Salesman Death of a salesman is a literature play written by American author Arthur Miller. The play was first published in the year 1949 and premiered on Broadway in the same year. Since then, it has had several performances. 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They may have not noticed the America dream costs them so much, which will cause a bigger regret later. In the play Death of Salesman, Arthur Miller brings a great story of a man who is at very older age and still works hard to achieve his desire, which is the American dream. Later, he no tices that his youth is gone and there is less energy in his body. Willy Loman is a salesman, who

Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (...

Johnny daydreamed so much that he couldn’t make it through school. Thomas was constantly falling into deep trancelike dreams that had to be shaken to awaken him. Equally problematic were Anthony’s restlessness and verbal attacks on the other students. Amber, too, was unable to stop talking and seemed as if she talked on and on. Marcus experienced school problems, because of his constant moving and high energy. These situations are the countless examples that are common to many children suffering with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Children with ADHD tend to be more creative and seem to possess a more unique way of thinking, but they also struggle with being able to focus on one task at a time, which, as you know, is one†¦show more content†¦Throughout our lives we hear outstanding stories about many important figures who have changed the course of the world even though they struggled in school and had the grades that say the contrary. We hear d of these people and their unique ways of thinking, their hyperactivity, â€Å"and behaving that were possessed by prestigious figures such as Frank Lloyd Wright, Viginia Wolf, Samuel Taylor Coleridge Robert Frost, Thomas Edison, and Nikola Tesla. All of these individuals faced hard times in school, ignorant diagnoses, or worse. These are the examples of creative individuals whose behavior could also be understand as the impulsivity, inattention, and hyperactivity of the condition of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder† (Cramond). The truth of the matter is that within the past two generations a historic phenomenon has swept the nation which has taken place in relation to children. Today 1.5 million children take medication to help them focus and be able to control their hyperactive behavior (Freed 216). Most of these children have visited doctors and have been diagnosed with the condition of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. ADHD is categorized into three diffe rent forms that a child could have. These forms of ADHD are so named based on the effect the disorder has on the child. The

Indian Cuisine Free Essays

string(43) " ingredients as they are freely available\." Indian Cuisine Think of India and one of the first things that come to mind is its diversity. A large populous country divided into many states; each with its own unique traditions and gastronomic fare. Indian cooking is one of the most popular cuisines across the globe. We will write a custom essay sample on Indian Cuisine or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not only is it popular among the large Indian diaspora but also among the mainstream population of North America and Europe. For the uninitiated, Indian food may seem foreign, scary, spicy and not for the faint of heart. This paper aims to explore many of the facets that make up Indian cuisine and hopefully allay any misconceptions or fears that may exist. The chapters are categorized under the following sections: 1. The Evolution of Indian Cooking 2. Geographical Variation 3. Dietary Customs in India 4. The Story of Spices 5. Curry: What is it? 6. Indian Dining Etiquette The Evolution Of Indian Cooking Indian cuisine derives from a 4000 year timeline. It has significantly evolved as a result of the various influences introduced into the country by many travelers and rulers. Despite this evolution, it has not lost its original identity, but rather became richer with the assimilation of theses varied influences. The following historical timeline (Bhattacharya, n. d. ) of how Indian gastronomy evolved will help shape our understanding and appreciation of this cooking style. 2000 BC and earlier. Most people believe that the origins of Indian history, and therefore the cuisine, dates back to Mohenjedaro and Harrapan civilizations. It is understood that the Ayurvedic tradition of cooking, which is a complete holistic approach to cooking, evolved at this point in time. In Vedic times, a normal diet consisted of fruit, vegetables, meat, grain, dairy products and honey. Over time, some segments of the population embraced vegetarianism due to the ancient Hindu philosophy of ahimsa. 1000 BC. At this point we see the first influx of outsiders into the country. The Mohenjodaro people are believed to have been pushed to southern India and the cuisine there is still largely vegetarian. The roots of Hinduism are shaped at this point along with the Vedas and the Mahabharata. The caste system is developed dividing eating habits broadly by caste. For example; the Brahmins were mostly vegetarians while the Kshatriyas were meat eaters. 400 BC: This period saw the development of Buddhism outside India which resulted in the migration of people as well as their food and dietary requirements. 1200 AD: This period saw several north Indian dynasties rule and became known as the Golden Age of Indian Art. There were several travelers who visited India and were responsible for the introduction of tea. However, from a culinary perspective there are still no significant external influences brought into the country. 1200-1800AD: During the reign of the Moghuls we see the emergence of Moglai cuisine. It’s this type of cooking that people now associate with India. The cooking style is characterized by the addition of several seasonings like saffron and nuts. The influx of European influences into parts of southern India, such as Kerala, resulted in the beginning of the Syrian Christian cuisine. 1800 – 1947 AD: The age of British colonial rule saw the start of the English love affair with Indian food. It was hardly a glorified period in Indian history, but the British loved the elaborate way of eating and adapted several of the food choices to their taste. They developed the curry as a simple spice to help them cook Indian meals. Geographical Variation The cuisines of India are as richly diverse and varied as its culture, ethnic makeup and geography. According to Sarakar (n. d. ), the common characteristic of all Indian cooking is the tremendous use and blending of a variety of wonderfully exotic spices. As a land that has experienced extensive immigration and intermingling over the centuries, India’s cuisine has benefited from numerous food influences. The diverse climate which ranges from tropical to alpine has also helped broaden the set of ingredients available for cooking. Northern India North Indian cuisine is distinguished by a proportionally high use of dairy products. The tawa, or griddle, is used extensively for baking flat breads like roti and paratha. A tandoor oven is also frequently used to cook main courses like chicken. Goat and lamb are favored ingredients of many northern Indian recipes. The samosa, a common appetizer on all Indian restaurant menus, has its roots in northern India. The staple food of most of north Indians are a variety of lentils, vegetables, and roti. Common north Indian foods such as kebabs and meat dishes originated with the Muslim incursions into the country. The influence of Europeans is also apparent with the creation of new dishes like chicken tikka masala which is actually a British invention during colonial times. Eastern India In the eastern part of India there is a large Oriental influence resulting from an influx of movement from Tibet and Nepal. All of these influences helped form the dietary customs in eastern India. Popular food is this region is a unique blend of vegetarian meals prepared in the traditional Chinese cooking style. Rice and fish are the staple foods because most of the towns and fishing villages are located on the coast. Southern India Southern Indian cuisine is distinguished by a greater emphasis on rice and the liberal use of coconut, coconut oil and curry leaves. Before Christianity came to India in the early 52 AD, Kerala was strictly vegetarian as regulated by Hinduism. However, after the visit of St. Thomas, Christianity quickly spread throughout Kerala and thus the diet evolved to also include meat. Western India The geography of the landscape and the culture of the people definitely influenced the region’s cuisine. Rajasthan and Gujarat have hot, dry climates so the relatively smaller varieties of vegetables available are preserved as pickles and chutneys. Culturally these states are largely Hindu and vegetarian. Peanuts and coconut are prominent ingredients as they are freely available. You read "Indian Cuisine" in category "Papers" Goa, with its lush green coastline, has an abundance of fresh fish and seafood. Local dishes like Vindaloo are testament to the fact that Goa was a Portuguese colony until the 1960s. This region probably has the most diverse styles of food in India. Food from the Rajasthan area is spicy and largely vegetarian but includes many meat dishes. Gujarat’s cuisine is know for its slightly sweet taste (at least a pinch of sugar is added to most dishes) and is traditionally entirely vegetarian. Dietary customs in India As you would expect from a country as large and diverse as India, there are a variety of different dietary customs. Religion is a significant contributing factor to the diets of Indians. Hinduism is the dominant religion in India making up about 80% of the population while Muslims, Sikhs, Christians and Buddhists make up a sizeable minority. Some religions impose dietary restrictions which prohibit the eating of beef or pork. The most commonly served dishes at Indian dinner parties and public functions tend to comprise of chicken, lamb or fish as this avoids any potential difficulties with restricted diets for meat eaters. Here is a general guide to the dietary customs of the three major religious groups in India: Hindus Most Hindus follow a balanced vegetarian diet. Some do eat meat occasionally but Hindus do not eat beef out of reverence for the cow as a sacred animal. Strict Hindus will also avoid garlic, onions and mushrooms. Mushrooms are thought to promote ignorance, whilst garlic and onions are thought to invoke passion. Muslims Muslims cannot eat pork, lard or any other porcine derivatives. Islam prohibits eating meat that is not slaughtered in the correct Islamic way. Muslims recite the name of God before and after eating, eat with the right hand and find it desirable to always eat in the company of others. Sikhs Sikhs do not believe in ritual killing and are instructed to avoid meat slaughtered in this way. Although in many aspects Sikhism is less prescriptive than some other religions, most Sikhs do not eat beef or pork. Many Sikhs are vegetarian and in observance of such a variety of dietary habits, all food served in Sikh places of worship is vegetarian. Sikhism is probably the only major organized religion which does not encourage fasting as it is viewed as having no spiritual benefit. The Story Of Spices Spices are the jewels of Indian cooking. Their flavors are meant to be savored and should not be overpowered by the burning sensation resulting from the liberal use of hot chilies. Parbhoo (1985) suggests that authentic Indian food should generally not be too hot and recommends that spices be used lavishly in the same way cheese or wine is used in French cuisine. Chilies in themselves have very little flavor but contribute to the dish by providing a sensation of heat which can be regulated to the cook’s preference. Spices have three traditional functions: medicinal, preservative and seasoning. Early Indian literature written in Sanskrit and dating back 3000 years to the Vedic period emphasizes the importance of spices for preserving food. The Ayurveda, an ancient Hindu treatise on medicine, places special emphasis on the medicinal properties of spices. A few of examples of commonly used spices and their additional medicinal benefits are listed below: |Name |Uses in cooking |Medicinal Benefit | |Chilies |Prime ingredient of masalas and provides the heat and |Used to neutralize poison and relieve hypothermia in cases of cholera. | |flavor. | | |Cinnamon |Used for aroma in meat, rice and pickles. Ground cinnamon |Has anti-inflammatory that can lessen joint and muscle pain. | | |used in sweet dishes. | | |Anis Seed |Used in savory dishes to provide flavor. |Used to aid digestion and act as a breath freshener. | |Fenugreek Seeds |Provides a bitter flavor in savory dishes. |Provides relief from coughs, asthma and rheumatism. |Cloves |Used for aromatic qualities in meat and rice dishes. Also |Used as a local anesthetic. | | |an essential ingredient in masalas. | | Curry: What is it? Curry is a generic description used throug hout European and American culture to describe a general variety of spiced dishes. The word curry is an anglicized version of the Tamil word kari. Several articles (Sarkar, n. d. ; Smith, 1998) suggest it is usually understood to mean gravy or sauce, rather than spices. Curry’s popularity in recent decades has spread outward from the Indian subcontinent to figure prominently in international cuisine. While many people think that curry is a particular spice, it is actually a mixture of spices commonly referred to as curry powder. This powder is versatile in both taste and flavor and varies widely depending on the region it comes from. Most people associate curry with a bright yellow color. This color is caused by the spice turmeric that is a common ingredient. However, not all curry powder mixtures contain turmeric and, in fact, curry powders can be as individual as the person making them. Some spices you might find in this mixture include chilies, cinnamon, cardamom, cumin, nutmeg, cloves, coriander, mace, fenugreek, sesame seeds, red pepper, black pepper, poppy seeds, tamarind and saffron. Oftentimes the curry powder mixture recipe is passed down from one generation to the next and is a safely guarded secret. Indian Dining Etiquette Though Indian cooking uses an extensive array of specialized utensils for various purposes, Indians traditionally do not use much cutlery for eating as many foods are best enjoyed when eating with the hand. It is a technique that is clean and easy when done correctly. Cook (2008) suggests the reason for using the hands is that it adds an additional element of enjoyment to the taste because it helps with blending the food. In many parts of India, when eating curry, the gravy must not be allowed to stain your finger only the fingertips. The left hand is not used and kept clean to facilitate the passing of dishes along the table. These variations are further compounded and increased by the diversity of the population India, leading to regional differences in the way people dine. In Janjira’s (2009) article on Indian Dining Etiquette, he explains that in North India it is common to be seated at a dining table to eat. While in south India, especially is Kerala, it is as common to see people sitting down and eating on banana leaves. The entire meal will be placed and served on banana leaves and eaten with the hand. The concept of courses at mealtime does not exist in India. Most Indian homes will serve the food all at once and then keep filling the dishes as dinner progresses. Everything cooked will be made available on the table with the exception of the dessert which will follow once most guests are done eating. While general etiquette rules might suggest that everything should be tried, it is more in theory than in practice and it is perfectly fine to skip something which might not suit your taste. Desserts on the other hand more often than not require the use of utensils. Unlike the western world where dessert may also be followed by coffee or liquor; the serving of the dessert would often indicate that dinner is almost over. Conclusion As evident in the above chapters, Indian cuisine has a long history of being influenced by the unique needs and tastes of its indigenous people, invaders and explorers. The food, cooking techniques and ingredients have evolved based on peoples’ religious needs or influenced by the availability of ingredients across India’s vast and varied landscape. But even after all this; Indian cuisine manages to retain its unique heritage and identity in a global gastronomic landscape that tends to be fickled and faddish. Indian food is enjoyed by commoners and royalty alike and it is hoped that this paper will enlighten the reader and allay any fears or misconceptions that may have previously prevented the sampling of Indian cooking. References Bhattacharya , R (n. d) History of Indian Cooking: A Historical Perspective on Indian Cooking. Retrieved November 25, 2009, from http://www. inmamaskitchen. com/Indian_Cooking/history_Indian_food_cooking. html Cook, S (2008). Indian Eating Etiquette. Retrieved September 28, 2009 from http://www. india-travel-suite101. com/article. cfm/eating_in_indian_style Curry. Retrieved October 15, 2009 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/curry Indian Cuisine – Origins and Indian Culinary History. Retrieved November 10, 2009, from http://www. ndianfoodsco. com/Classes/CulinayHistory. htm Indian Cuisine. Retrieved October 25, 2009, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Indian_cuisine Janjira, M (2009). Indian Dining Etiquette. Retrieved September 22, 2009 from http://www. indianmusings. wordpress. com/2009/02/020indian-dining-etiquette Leong, K (n. d). The Health Benefits of Indian Food. Retrieved October 15, 2009 from http://www. associatedcontent. com/pop_print. shtml? content_ty pe=articlecontent_typeid=1829365 Parbhoo, R. (1985). Indian Coookery for South Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Printpak Books. Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) (September 30th 2008). APA Formatting and Style Guide. Retrieved November 17, 2009, from http://owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/560/01/ Sarkar, P (n. d). The Cuisine Of East India: An Introduction to Eastern Indian Food. Retrieved September 29, 2009 from http://indianfood. about. com/old/thebasics/p/eastindia. htm Smith, D (1998). Definition and History of Curry. Retrieved September 24, 2009 from http://www. curryhouse. co. uk/faq/define. htm How to cite Indian Cuisine, Papers

The Medicaid Program in America

In America, matters dealing with the Healthcare reform policy undergo through a vigorous political process since it is similar and links to a number of other policy areas, and is part of the general social policy on the nation. It relates to the pursuit of health, delivery of healthcare services, or even employment of healthcare professionals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Medicaid Program in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The high cost of healthcare is just one of the most enduring problems in America, with both the private and public sectors experiencing the spiraling costs in healthcare. Therefore, this means that the formulation of Healthcare policy is vastly influenced by the diversity and array of both economic and social factors that affect the development of a social policy that promotes diversity at all levels. Currently, the United States government plays a key role in the financing, dir ecting, and planning of healthcare services. The policy stream in healthcare usually consists of experts and specialists in the field who may both be inside the government or in the private sector, and they advocate their ideas and solutions to the underlying problems. For this reason, Medicaid is a special healthcare program introduced at all state levels and is financed by both the national and local-state governments with a dedicated purpose of serving persons with disability, families and people with low resources and revenues. However, poverty is not a prerequisite into the Medicaid program as a number of conditions must be met for one to be eligible. The Kentucky eligibility criteria for the Medicaid program According to Your Guide to Kentucky Medicaid, to be eligible for the Medicaid program, one must be a U.S citizen or a legal immigrant who has a permanent residence in the U.S (6). Since resource assessment defines ones eligibility into the program, the Kentucky state law d emands full disclosure of all resources owned by a person during the application process for this program, and it can either be in terms of an institutionalized spouse or community spouse. These resources are usually assets such as personal property, retirement accounts, real property, hard-cash, and other convenient assets owned by a person or couple which can be easily converted into cash. Although the assets of an institutionalized individual have a resource limit, the assessment process also verifies a couple’s number of assets which are protected and beneficial for use by the community spouse. Each couple is then given half of the totaled countable resources and if the assigned half is not greater than the annual maximum resource limits of the community spouses’, it is added on the institutionalized spouse’s fraction which must all be spent before another process of eligibility towards Medicaid is established.Advertising Looking for essay on health me dicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, in order to be eligible for the Medicaid program, the Kentucky state law also requires all workers to verify that their assets were not discarded for less than a reasonable market price and any transfers of such resources should be in solidarity with the Medicaid eligibility process, unless the applicant indicates otherwise (4). The 2006 Deficit Reduction Act also calls for the eligibility process to investigate the previous sixty months from the date of application in order to create a baseline for all transfers of goods and services at fair market value. Therefore, if an applicant fails to exhibit the amount and value of the goods and services during this period, they would be reckoned for a forbidden transfer of resources which is subject to being penalized for a specific period of time (10). The total amount of all evaluated resources disposed at a less than a fair market val ue is therefore used to determine one’s ineligibility status and period that is based on a person’s average cost of daily care which is revised on an annual basis. In other words, if the transfer had not occurred, the ineligibility period would begin at the date of transfer or the date the applicant would otherwise be eligible in sequence to any date that occurs last. In addition, those applicants who do not have a community spouse or even a minor reliant child in their home and also have a home equity that surpasses the 500,000 dollar mark, are technically not eligible for Medicaid, however, the 500,000 dollar cap is subject to change from time to time. The Children’s Health Insurance Program in Kentucky According to Kentucky’s health department website on Kids’ Health: Keeping our children healthy, the Kentucky Children’s Health Insurance Program is also known as KCHIP, and it’s a 1997 special Medicaid initiative taken by the state of Kentucky to oversee health coverage to uninsured children at a free or low cost (n p). To be eligible for the KCHIP initiative the child must be a U.S citizen or have a proof of being a legal ‘resident alien’ and in addition, they should not be having a health insurance. Within the period of the past six months, the family should also not have ‘dropped’ health insurance on the child on voluntary grounds. To be eligible, it’s mandatory for the child to possess a social security number or should be willing to apply for it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Medicaid Program in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The KCHIP initiative covers a child’s dental care, hearing services, prescription medicines, doctor visits, vision examinations, hospitalization, psychiatrist sessions, outpatient hospital services, laboratory and X-ray test, and many more. Conclusion Both t he Medicaid and KCHIP initiatives are all rational in the maximization of public interest and overall health despite the processes being tedious at different levels. In conclusion, we can say that these health initiatives undertaken by Kentucky and other U.S states can bring effective change in the healthcare sector which can be achieved through its policymaking model-of-programs which are dedicated at local level since they understand their urgent health needs. Works Cited Kentucky.gov. Kids’ Health: Keeping your children healthy. Web. ‘’Your Guide to Kentucky Medicaid’’. Web. This essay on The Medicaid Program in America was written and submitted by user Natalia F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.